Definisi, Tujuan, Struktur, Ciri Kebahasaan dan Contoh Analytical & Hortatory Exposition Texts

 Analytical Exposition

A. Definition

   Analytical Exposition is a text that elaborates the writer‘s idea about the phenomenon surrounding.(adalah teks yang menguraikan gagasan penulis tentang fenomena di sekitarnya)


B. Social Function

Its social function is to persuade the reader that the idea is important matter, and to analyze the topic that the thesis/opinion is correct by developing an argument to support it .(untuk meyakinkan pembaca bahwa gagasan itu penting, dan menganalisis topik yang tesis / pendapatnya benar dengan mengembangkan argumen untuk mendukungnya.)


C. Generic Structure

  • Thesis: 

Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s point of view. (Memperkenalkan topik dan menunjukkan sudut pandang penulis)

  • Argument

Explaining the argument to support the writer’s position. (Menjelaskan argumen untuk mendukung posisi penulis). Setiap argumen harus didukung bukti-bukti dan penjelasan.

  • Reiteration

Restating the writer’s point of view / to strengthen the thesis.(Menyatakan kembali sudut pandang penulis / untuk memperkuat tesis).


Frase berikut untuk membuat kesimpulan dalam Reiteration

From the fact above… (dari fakta di atas…), Therefore… (maka dari itu…), In conclusion… (Kesimpulannya…), dan lain-lain.


D. Language Features

  • Menggunakan simple present tense.

  • Menggunakan kata-kata yang mengekspresikan pikiran atau perasaan penulis, contohnya: experience, feel, know, realize, sense, think, dll.

  • Menggunakan internal conjunction yaitu kata penghubung yang menghubungkan argumen di antara dua klausula. Internal conjunctions dapat dibagi menjadi empat kategori, yaitu (1) addition (penambahan) Contohnya besides, in addition, further. (2) Comparisons (perbandingan), seperti but, vice versa, meanwhile, on the other hand. (3) Time (waktu), misalnya kata second, then, then, next. (4)Cause-effect (akibat). Contoh katanya antara lain consequence, as a result, so, the result.

  • Menggunakan causal conjunctions (reason–why) atau sebab-akibat. Misalnya kata as a result, because, by, consequently, despite, due to, for that reason, dll.


E. Text Example


Text 1


Text 2


COVID-19 health protocol violators should be sanctioned


    COVID-19 health protocol violators should be sanctioned. As we know, the number of people infected with the covid virus is still increasing in our country, but some people still ignore the health protocol by not wearing mask and keeping their distance.

    Firstly, the violators will continue to ignore the health protocol suggested by the government if they aren’t sanctioned. By being sanctioned, they will feel deterred and ashamed so that in the future they will obey the rules given.

    Secondly, by sanctioning the violators, they will understand responsibility. Not only does it prevent us from being infected by the virus, but adhering to health protocols also keep others safe. We may not feel infected, but at least we prevent bad things by continuing to keep distance and wearing masks. That way, we will fulfill our responsibilities to ourselves and others.

    Lastly, giving sanctions to the violators will make them more aware of the danger of COVID-19. It is said that WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic, which means that this virus is very dangerous, so it is best to continue to maintain health and avoid COVID-19.

    Therefore, the health protocol violators should be sanctioned because of the reasons given above.

2. Hortatory Exposition


A. Definition

    Seperti halnya analytical exposition, hortatory exposition adalah jenis teks bahasa Inggris yang tergolong ke dalam bentuk teks argumentation (argumentasi). Di dalamnya, penulis mencantumkan beberapa pendapat mengenai hal tertentu untuk memperkuat ide pokok dari teks tersebut.

    Berbeda dengan analytical exposition, hortatory exposition menuliskan rekomendasi sebagai paragraf penutupnya. Selain itu, pada hortatory exposition, penulis mempengaruhi pembaca bahwa seharusnya demikian ataupun seharusnya tidak demikian. Hal ini berbeda dari tujuan analytical exposition yang lebih menekankan betapa pentingnya kejadian yang diceritakan.


B. Communicative Purpose

The purpose of Hortatory Exposition is to persuade the reader or the listener that something should or should not be the case. (untuk meyakinkan pembaca atau pendengar bahwa sesuatu harus atau tidak seharusnya terjadi)


C. Generic Structure

  • Thesis

Bagian pertama ini berisikan tentang pengenalan ide pokok yang ingin disampaikan penulis tentang suatu gejala atau kejadian yang akan dibahas. Bagian ini juga dikenal dengan general statement.

  •  Arguments

Arguments berisikan tentang berbagai pendapat yang mendukung ide pokok penulis. Semakin banyak pendapat yang ditulis, maka akan semakin menarik hortatory exposition tersebut. Pembaca akan cenderung percaya terhadap suatu peristiwa apabila terdapat banyak pendapat yang mendukung di dalamnya. Akan lebih baik jika argument ini tidak hanya berisikan pendapat pribadi penulis, namun juga pendapat para pakar.

  •  Recommendations

Bagian terakhir ini berisikan tentang rekomendasi atau ajakan penulis kepada pembaca.


D. Language Features

  • Menggunakan present tense.

  • Menggunakan conjunction yang menghubungkan argumen-argumen penulis, seperti firstly, secondly, in addition, moreover, further, besides, dan lain-lain.

  • Menggunakan evaluative words.

  • Menggunakan compound dan complex sentence.


E. Text Example


Text 1

The Importance of Speaking English 


   English nowadays has an important role in our daily life. It is the massive means of communication. Is there a strong argument which says that English will not give any benefit? 

    Learning to speak English well may be the best way to improve our life. It seems all the people in the world have agreed to use English to talk to each other. About 1,500,000,000 people in the world speak English. While another 1,000,000,000 are still learning English.

    If we can communicate in English, we can contact people from all over the world. We can talk about our ideas and opinions on Internet discussion groups. We can chat with other interesting people to learn about their life and culture.

    If we can communicate in English, we can travel more easily. English is spoken in more than 100 countries. If we lost, we can ask directions or ask for help. Who knows, English will save our life somewhere someday.

    That is why we should make every effort possible to find somebody to speak with. Where can we find people who can speak English with us? We can find them at school, shopping mall, tourist destination, etc

    Above all, don't be afraid to speak English. We must try to speak, even if we make mistakes. We cannot learn without mistakes. So, speak English as much as possible!


Text 2

Tourism Benefit on Local People 


    What is the benefit of tourism for local people? Well, Tourism is now a huge contributor to the economies of most countries. Tourism industries can bring money, job vacancy and advancement especially to developing regions. However, this money often goes into the pockets of foreign investors, and only rarely benefits for local people.

   Tourism industries will not give much benefit for local people if, for example, multinational hotel chains don't care about the surrounding nature when they build new hotels. This can cause many social, cultural and geographical problems. Some local people may get job and money from that International hotel chain. However in case of missing that opportunity, some of them still have their own environment.

   Moreover, some facts show that tourists tend to go, visit and spend their money in restaurants, bars and even luxury hotels of that multinational chains. They less go to such places; restaurant, bar, hotel, shop which are owned by local people. This can prevent the local people's business from becoming even larger.

      Most important thing, tours or excursions of tourism have little effect on nature. Even it can disrupt or destroy ecosystems and environments, and if it does, the local people will get the risk.

     So the local government policies should be put in place to ensure that tourism will make the benefit spreading widely. The policies should guarantee that tourism will not cause any harm to any local people or places.


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